Vertical Farming : Uburyo bwo guhinga no kororera mu magorofa maremare

Muri iki gihe umubare w’abatuye isi wiyongera kandi ubutaka bwo bukagumana ingano yabwo, ahubwo bukanarushaho kwangirika no gutakaza ububasha bwabwo mu gutanga umusaruro, benshi bakomeje kwibaza uko bizagenda mu myaka iri imbere, dore ko nko mu mwaka w’2050 isi izaba ituwe n’abarenga miliyari 10, kandi ikaba ikomeza kwangizwa n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere riterwa n’ibikorwa bya muntu.

Ese abantu bazimukira ku yindi migabane (nka Mars) ? Ese bazabaho bate, mu gihe mu myaka 40 iri imbere bazaba bakeneye kongera hegitari 1000 000 000 ku butaka buhingwa ? Zizava he ? Nidutema amashyamba se imvura yo izava he ? Tuzahinga mu nyanja se, birashoboka ? Ngibyo ibyibazwa n’abahanga mu by’ubuhinzi n’irindi koranabuhanga ritandukanye.

Mu bisubizo batanga harimo uburyo bwa vertical farming, aho abantu bahinga mu magorofa, bikaba bitandukanye n’uko muri iki gihe iyo ushaka kongera umusaruro, bigusaba guhinga ahantu hagari kurushaho.

Mbere yo kuvuga ku buryo bwa vertical farming ariko, twabanza kumenyesha abantu ko hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kongera umusaruro, burimo gukoresha imbuto z’indobanure zitanga umusaruro mwinshi (improved seeds), guhinga ku butaka bwiza burimo imyunyu ya ya ngombwa igaburira ibihingwa, byaba na ngombwa hakongerwaho ifumbire yabugenewe, yaba ikomoka ku binyabuzima (organic fertilizers) cyangwa ikorerwa mu nganda. Iyo ibihingwa bihingiwe igihe, bikitabwaho mu buryo bwagenwe, bikarindwa indwara mu buryo bushoboka, bikura neza kandi bigatanga umusaruro.

Uburyo bwa vertical farming bwo bugamije gutuma abantu bakoresha ibyo byose bongera umusaruro, ariko bigakorwa mu buryo burambye (durable/sustainable), harindwa ibidukikije kandi bitabaye ngombwa ko bongera ubuso bw’ubutaka buhingwa.

Uko vertical farming ikorwa

Mu mwaka w’1915, Gilbert Ellis Bailey yanditse igitabo cyitwa ‘Vertical Farming’ aho yasobanuye ko ibyiza ari uguhinga haherewe ku burebure aho kureba ku bugari (width) bw’umurima. Icyo gitekerezo cyaje gushyigikirwa n’umuhanga mu byo kurinda ibidukikije, Dr Dickson Despommier, wavuze ko guhinga mu magorofa maremare cyane (skyscrapers) birinda ibidukikije kurusha guhinga mu mirima isanzwe, ko ndetse hanze haba uburozi bwinshi bugirira nabi ibihingwa bugatuma bitera neza. Uretse guhinga kandi, Despommier avuga ko ubwo buryo bwakoreshwa mu korora amatungo amwe n’amwe.

Mbere uburyo bwa vertical farming bwafatwaga nko kurota, ariko imyumvire yahindutse ubwo guhinga mu mazu yabugenewe (greenhouses) no guhinga nta butaka bukoreshejwe (hydroponics) byagerwagaho. Uburyo bwa greenhouse bukoresha guhinga imyaka ahantu urumuri rushobora kwinjira kandi ibihingwa bikitabwaho, urumuri rw’izuba n’ubushyuhe ntibibe byinshi, kandi ibihingwa bigahabwa amazi bikeneye, ntibibone make cyangwa menshi yabigirira nabi. Uburyo bwa hydroponics ho imyaka iterwa mu mazi aba arimo imyunyu n’ibindi byose igihingwa gikenera kugirango gikure gitange umusaruro hadakoreshejwe ubutaka.

 Muri vertical farming bakoresha uburyo bwa greenhouse ariko yo igezweho, aho urumuri, amazi, umuyaga n’ibindi byose byakora ku bihingwa n’amatungo bicungirwa hafi kandi bigakoreshwa mu buryo bwabazwe bugenewe kongera umusaruro ukaba mwinshi bishoboka (maximize the production potential). Ibi kandi byatuma abantu bashobora guhinga igihingwa icyo aricyo cyose (harimo n’ibidasanzwe byera mu gihugu cyabo), mu gihe icyo aricyo cyose (izuba, amazi n’ibindi bihora bihari). Amazi akoreshwa hano angana na 5% by’akoreshwa mu buhinzi busanzwe.

Ikindi ni uko mu myaka iri imbere abantu benshi bazaba batuye mu mijyi (80% mu mwaka w’2050) kandi isi muri rusange izaba ituwe cyane :

 Ushobora gukorera vertical farming ahantu hose no mu mijyi rwagati, bikaba bitandukanye no muri iki gihe bahinga mu giturage gusa, ibihingwa bikagera mu mijyi bihenze kandi byangiritse.

 Ni uburyo bushobora kugaburira abantu benshi kuko iyo ushatse kongera umusaruro wongera igorofa rimwe cyangwa menshi ku nyubako yawe (bitewe n’ububasha bwa fondasiyo) aho kumara ubutaka uhinga ku yandi mahegitari.

Urugero : Despommier yasanze ufashe igorofa rya mbere ringana na metero kare 20234.282 ( ni ukuvuga ibirenzeho gato 142mx142m) ukarigerekeranya n’andi 29 ugahingaho ubwoko bw’ ibishyimbo bigufi wabona umusaruro ungana n’uw’uwabihinze kuri hegitari 970.

Nta byera ngo de...

 Ni uburyo buhenze kuko umuntu agomba kubanza akareba ikiguzi cyo kubaka ayo magorofa yose. Ese ntibyasaba amafaranga n’ibikoresho byinshi kurusha guhinga bisanzwe ? Ese ko twabuze n’ayo duturamo... ?

 Ingufu nyinshi : Kugirango ibihingwa byitabweho bisaba ingufu nyinshi z’amashanyarazi, amazi n’ibindi. Gucana amatara, kuzamuka iyo miturirwa n’ibindi bishobora gusaba ingufu zihenze, n’ubwo hariho uburyo bwo kuzibyara hafatwa iz’izuba (solar energy), iz’umuyaga (éolienne), n’iz’imyanda isanzwe (biogas).

 Amatara ahora yaka muri iyo miturirwa yabangamira abayituriye, cyane cyane igihe yaba iri mu mujyi rwagati. Ibi ariko ni ibisanzwe kuko hari amagorofa yo mu bihugu byateye imbere atazimya amatara nijoro.

 Kubangamira ibidukikije : N’ubwo ubu buryo buba bugamije kurinda ibidukikije, byagaragaye ko greenhouse isanzwe ubwayo itanga ibyuka bihumanya biruta ibyo ikurura (CO2) kugirango ibikoreshe mu kugaburira ibihingwa. Uburyo bwa hydroponics nabwo busaba ko umuntu ahora ahinduranya amazi mu bihingwa, kandi ayakoreshejwe nayo aba arimo uburozi ku buryo amenwe hanze yateza ibibazo.

Kuri ubu vertical farming iracyari mu igeragezwa ariko mu mijyi nka Toronto, hari bake batangiye guhinga imboga n’indabo hejuru y’imiturirwa batuyemo.

Tuvuze gato ku Rwanda, mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro hariho gahunda y’udusozi ndatwa, aho ibihingwa byinshi bihingwa ahantu hato cyane kandi bigatanga umusaruro mwinshi. Hariho kandi uburyo bwo guhuza ubutaka hagahingwa ibyera muri buri karere, kimwe no gutunganya ibishanga bihingwa bikiyongera, mu misozi hagashyirwa amaterasi y’indinganire kandi hagahingwa igihe kinini mu mwaka harimo no kuhira imyaka mu gihe cy’izuba ryinshi.

Leta kandi ikora ibishoboka igaha abahinzi imbuto, imiti n’ifumbire, kandi imyaka igahunikwa mu bigega bigezweho kugirango hatabaho inzara.